2.2.1-++The+Growth+of+Classical+Civs.

=__**2.2.1- The Growth of Classical Civs.**__=

Katie Ziraldo and Courtney Haupt


 * Opening summary: **

Throughout the globe early key states and empires developed due to the unique factors that influenced each civilization. The key focuses of theses civilizations were military dominance, complex religions, promotion of art and architecture, and advancements in technology.These key focuses provide us with a rough outline that we use to compare early states and empires.

**Who:** Early key states and empires  **What:** The rise of the early key states and empires  **Where:** Across the globe


 * Why & how: **
 * Persian Empire:
 * Art:
 * borrowed from predecessors
 * Military:
 * conquest of Babylon
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">conquered Asia as far as the Indus River, Greece, and North Africa
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Government:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">efficient and humane administrative system
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">imperial post roads connected important cities
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">equal rights and responsibilities
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">if and only if you keep peace and pay taxes
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Qin/Han Dynasties: [[image:http://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/smr04/101910/Slide6.10.jpg width="416" height="318" align="right" caption="Emperor Qin’s maulsoleum, containing the Terracotta Warriors, all different in their facial details." link="@http://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/smr04/101910/Slide6.10.jpg"]]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Art/architecture:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Great wall
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">extravagant cities and tombs
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">attention to detail
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Military:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">disciplined infantry
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sunzi “art of war”
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">win battles with as little bloodshed/damage to property as possible
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">conquer to absorb culture, not abolish it
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Technology:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Great wall, roads, transportation from rivers/canals, iron
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grew by conquering enemies and absorbing their culture
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rome:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Art:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">mosaics
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">attention to detail
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Military:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">total warfare
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">incentive for money
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">conquer to eliminate enemies
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Technology:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">roads, great walls, stone, diffusion of heat by hypocaust
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grew by conquering enemies, eliminating them, and expanding
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sparta:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Social:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">placed large importance on courage and discipline
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">corporeal punishment used as a test of endurance
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">forbidden to take part in any activity that would lead to money-making
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">lack prominence do to separation from other Greek city-states, such as rival state, Athens
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">lack of unity
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Military: [[image:http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/15700/15744/ancathens_15744_lg.gif width="362" height="224" align="right" caption="A detailed depiction of what ancient Athens most likely looked like at its peak. " link="@http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/15700/15744/ancathens_15744.htm"]]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“conquer or die” philosophy
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Athens:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Social:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">birthplace of democracy
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">enemy: Sparta
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">much less severe than Sparta
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Military:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">preferred mercenaries
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">enjoyed peaceful life


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Closing summary: **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The early key states and empires of 2ND wave civilizations grew in different ways based on many varying factors. While some empires focused more on military prominence, others aimed to progress in the areas of art, architecture, and technology. Across the globe, more detailed art began to develop, with the emergence of in-depth tombs and tile mosaics. Military began to take over in some cases, such as the Greek city-state Sparta, where conquering enemies became the key goal. Politically, a consistent cycle of rulers gaining to much power and the peasants uprising began, taking down such leaders as Julius Caesar. Although some empires acknowledged religious tolerance, others took the opposite approach. For example, in Rome, the Christians would be fed to lions for public entertainment. Technology boomed in these early states and empires. Such developments as travel by canals, great walls, and metallurgy with iron began to appear.


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Case study: **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Roman Empire and the Greek Empire
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Who: **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The life styles and growth of both empires
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What: **

Rome and Greece
 * Where:**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rome and Greece both became super powers when they where in their prime and the reason they were so large and powerful has to do with their developments through out their growth as empires. Both empires showed very detailed art and architecture in styles involving, pillars symmetry and precise detail, that were very similar. However the Romans preferred to use arches over the traditional ninety degree angle and the Greeks tended to build structures lacking walls. The geography in both areas is similar which lead to many developments that were similar in both areas. Neither place was too mountainous, they each had a lasting supply of water, and cereal grasses flourished in both locations. Rome and Greece both valued their military glorifying it in game as well as in they art work. Although military was important in both cultures Rome and Greece had different style of military. Rome preferred combat on land, while Greece created a navy to the like of which no one had ever seen before. Greece is also home to the infamous Spartans known for their intense lifestyle centered around their military. Politically these two empires were completely different. All of Rome was ruled by a tyrant determined by birth. On the other hand Greece was split up into multiple city-states each ruled individually by tyrants who often did not get along. Although the Greek and Roman Gods are different the Greek and Roman religions are very similar. Both religions are polytheistic (but with one God superior to all other Gods [Rome: Jupiter Greece: Zeus]) with both female and male gods who are well endowed. Each God has a specific role in the lives of his/her followers. Technological advancement happened in both regions although there are some specific advancements that made a larger impact in both empires. Greece was able to dig their aqueducts through mountains and also created the crane to lift heavy building materials. Rome mad the aqueducts using arches as their support which allowed the aqueduct to be strong while saving materials. Rome also created the Chariot. Both Rome and Greece made huge impacts on the modern world due to their growth as early empires. one of the most famous impacts they have had is through there architecture. Greek and Roman architecture can be seen throughout Washington D.C. and on one of the most important buildings in the world the White House.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Why: **

__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Works Cited __ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14.6667px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gill, N.S. "Sparta - A Military City-State." Ancient / Classical History - Ancient Greece & Rome & Classics Research Guide. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/sparta/a/spartamilitstat.htm>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hirst, Kris. "Persian Empire: Timeline and Definition." About.com. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://archaeology.about.com/od/pethroughpg/g/persian_empire.htm>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14.6667px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"History of Athens Greece a Brief Reference to Athens History." Athens Greece Guide Travel Information about Athens. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http://www.athensguide.org/athens-history.html>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14.6667px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"HISTORY OF SPARTA." HistoryWorld - History and Timelines. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac44>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(http://javascriptkit.com), JavaScript Kit. "Persians, Rise Of Persian Under Cyrus." World History International: World History Essays From Prehistory To The Present. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://history-world.org/cyrusII.htm>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Papakyriakou/Anagnostou, Ellen. "History of Ancient Sparta." The Redirector. 15 Oct. 2011. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http://www.sikyon.com/Sparta/history_eg.html>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Persians." World History International: World History Essays From Prehistory To The Present. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://history-world.org/persians.htm>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding. 1964-2011. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://www.sacu.org/dynqin.html>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Wu, Jonathan. "The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Han." Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Kongming's Archives. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://kongming.net/novel/writings/imperial-han/>.